What is Montessori 什么是蒙台梭利教育
The Montessori approach offers a broad vision of education as an aid to life. It is designed to help children with the task of their inner construction as they grow from childhood to maturity. It succeeds because it draws its principles from the natural development of the child. Montessori classrooms provide a prepared environment where children are free to respond to their natural tendency to work. The children’s innate love of learning is encouraged by giving them opportunities to engage in spontaneous, meaningful activities under the guidance of a trained adult. Through their work, the children develop concentration and joyful self-discipline. Within a framework of order, the children progress at their own pace and rhythm according to their individual capabilities.
蒙台梭利教育是一种远景广阔的教育, 那就是:教育是对人的生命的一种帮助。 蒙台梭利教育致力于帮助孩子们在从婴幼儿时期到成长为一个成人的漫长过程中进行内心的建构。它之所以获得成功是因为它遵循孩子的自然发展规律。蒙台梭利教室是一个有准备的环境,孩子们在其中的工作顺应他们的自然发展趋向。一个受过训练的老师会鼓励和引导孩子们对学习的天然热爱,为他们提供很多机会使其能沉浸于自发的,有意义的活动中。通过工作,孩子们发展了专注力和快乐的自律能力。在一个有序的框架下,孩子们按照自己的速度,节奏和能力愉快地发展成长。
蒙台梭利教育是一种远景广阔的教育, 那就是:教育是对人的生命的一种帮助。 蒙台梭利教育致力于帮助孩子们在从婴幼儿时期到成长为一个成人的漫长过程中进行内心的建构。它之所以获得成功是因为它遵循孩子的自然发展规律。蒙台梭利教室是一个有准备的环境,孩子们在其中的工作顺应他们的自然发展趋向。一个受过训练的老师会鼓励和引导孩子们对学习的天然热爱,为他们提供很多机会使其能沉浸于自发的,有意义的活动中。通过工作,孩子们发展了专注力和快乐的自律能力。在一个有序的框架下,孩子们按照自己的速度,节奏和能力愉快地发展成长。
Comparison Between Montessori & Traditional Education
蒙台梭利教育和传统教育的比较
Montessori Tradtional
multi-age span all one age
motivated by self-development, no reward and punishment use of reward and punishment ,motivated by teacher
self-correcting materials teacher corrects errors
children learn by handling objects and teaching themselves teacher lectures
teacher is observer and guide teacher is focal point and dominant influence
child completes cycle of activities activity cycles determined by set time
few interruptions frequent interruptions
freedom to move and work within classroom assigned seats and specific class periods
work for joy of working and sense of discovery work because they are told to
child sets own pace teacher sets pace
child chooses materials teacher sets curriculum
child free to discover on own teacher over guides child
ungraded graded
混龄教育 同龄孩子一个班
孩子的驱动来自自我发展的需要,无奖惩制度 老师使用奖惩制度来驱动孩子
自我纠正的工作材料 老师纠正孩子的错误
孩子通过用手操作各种教具来自我教育 老师在课堂上讲课
老师是观察者,也是指导者 老师在课堂上占主导影响,是课堂的中心
孩子可以完成一项完整的活动/工作 活动的长短有固定的时间
孩子很少被打扰或打断 孩子会经常受到打扰
可以在教室里自由地走动和工作 固定的位置和课程时长(尤指小学)
孩子工作是为了工作和发现的乐趣 孩子工作是因为老师叫他们这么做
孩子自己决定学习速度 老师决定孩子的学习速度
孩子自由选择工作材料 老师决定各类课程
孩子可以自由探索和发现 老师给出过多的指导
没有考试,分数制度 使用考试,分数制度 (尤指小学)
"My vision of the future is no longer people taking exams and then on that certification... but of individuals passing from one stage of independence to a higher [one], by means of their own activity through their own effort of will, which constitutes the inner evolution of the individual." (Maria Montessori, From Childhood to Adolescence)